Most scholars agree that Isaiah 40–55, known as “Second Isaiah,” was written to the exiles while they were still in Babylon or immediately after they returned to Judah. Our particular passage, Isaiah 40:1–5, 9–11, is addressed to the exiles and to Jerusalem before the Return. Recall that the Jews had been conquered by the Babylonians and many forcibly removed from their homeland in 597 BC. Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed in 586 B.C. Many more were killed
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